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<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>THE TANDEM PROJECT<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'><�a
href="http://www.tandemproject.com/">http://www.tandemproject.com<�/a>.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�u><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p><�span style='text-decoration:
none'> <�/span><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/u><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>UNITED NATIONS, HUMAN RIGHTS,<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�u><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p><�span style='text-decoration:
none'> <�/span><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/u><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�st1:country-region w:st="on"><�st1:place
w:st="on"><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>SOUTH AFRICA<�/span><�/font><�/b><�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region><�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�span style='font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>ADOPTED UNIVERSAL PERIODIC
REVIEW<�span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�/span><�/font><�/b><�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>& FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR
BELIEF <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:
8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>First Session U.N. Human
Rights Council Universal Periodic Review (7-18 April, 2008)<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'> <�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�em>Available in other languages: <�a href="javascript:window.location.reload(true)">click here<�/a> if the language box does not display.<�/em><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:
8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>The <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>South Africa
Universal Periodic Review<�/span><�/i> was held by the UN Human Rights Council on
<�st1:date Year="2008" Day="15" Month="4" w:st="on">Tuesday 15 April 2008<�/st1:date>
from <�st1:time Minute="30" Hour="14" w:st="on">2:30 p.m. 5:30 p.m.<�/st1:time><�span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span>This link will open access to reports in the
United Kingdom Universal Periodic Review: <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>National Report;
Compilation of UN Information; Summary of Stakeholders Information; Questions
Submitted in Advance; Report of the Working Group; Related Web cast Archives. <�/span><�/i><�/span><�/font><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Link: <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on"><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>South Africa<�/span><�/i><�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'> Adopted Universal Periodic Review. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/i><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'><�a
href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/PAGES/ZASession1.aspx">http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/PAGES/ZASession1.aspx<�/a><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>There were 16 stakeholder
submissions. Click on <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Summary of Stakeholders
Information <�/span><�/i>footnote 3 for the letters of submission. The
Stakeholder letter from <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Unrepresented Nations and
Peoples Organization<�/span><�/i> <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Vhavenda People <�/span><�/i>refers
to Cultural and Religious Rights and Article 18 of the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Universal Periodic Review <�/span><�/font><�/i><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>recommendations by the UN Human Rights
Council often do not refer specifically to Human Rights Standards on Freedom of
Religion or Belief.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>The Tandem Project NGO
writes Open Letters on human rights standards on freedom of religion or belief
as a <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>follow-up<�/span><�/i> to the <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Universal
Periodic Review. <�/span><�/i>They include three proposals for an exchange of
ideas on structure, dialogue and education; and a question on how to reconcile
the universality of human rights with the truth claims of religious and
non-religious beliefs.<�span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>The Tandem Project, a <�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>UN NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social
Council of the United Nations <�/span><�/i>focus on issues relevant to Article 18
of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Everyone has the
right to freedom of religion or belief, and the 1981 UN Declaration on the
Elimination of all Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion
or Belief.<�span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>The U.S. State Department
2007 Religious Freedom Report is the source of this information. <�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�span style='font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/b><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:
11.0pt'>1. <�st1:country-region w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region>
- <�u>Religious Demography<�/u><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The country has
an area of 470,693 square miles, and a population of 47.4 million. The 2001
religious demography census estimated that 80 percent of the population is
Christian. Hindus, Muslims, Jews, and adherents of traditional African beliefs
constitute 4 percent of the population. Approximately 15 percent of the
population indicated that it belongs to no particular religion or declined to
indicate an affiliation.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The African
Independent Churches are the largest group of Christian churches. There are
more than 4,000 of these churches, with a membership of more than 10 million,
constituting approximately 26 percent of the total Christian population.
Although these churches were founded as breakaways from mission churches (the
so-called Ethiopian churches), the African Independent Churches consist mostly
of Zionist or Apostolic churches and also include some Pentecostal branches.
The Zionist Christian Church is the largest <�st1:place w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">African<�/st1:PlaceName> <�st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Independent<�/st1:PlaceName>
<�st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Church<�/st1:PlaceType><�/st1:place> with 11.1 percent
of the population. The African Independent Churches attract practitioners in
both rural and urban areas.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Other Christian
churches include the Dutch Reformed family of churches, which comprise 6.7
percent of the population, the Roman Catholic Church, which comprises 7.1
percent, and Methodists 6.8 percent. Protestant denominations include Anglican,
Baptist, Congregational, Lutheran, and Presbyterian churches. The largest traditional
Pentecostal churches are the Apostolic Faith Mission, the Assemblies of God,
and the <�st1:place w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Full<�/st1:PlaceName> <�st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Gospel<�/st1:PlaceName> <�st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Church<�/st1:PlaceType><�/st1:place>.
In recent years a number of charismatic churches have been established. Their
subsidiary churches, together with those of the Hatfield Christian Church in <�st1:City
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">Pretoria<�/st1:place><�/st1:City>, are grouped in
the International Fellowship of Christian Churches. The Greek Orthodox and
Seventh-day Adventist churches are also active.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Approximately 15
percent of the population claims no affiliation with any formal religious
organization. It is believed that many of these persons adhere to indigenous
religions. Followers of indigenous religions believe that certain practitioners
may manipulate the power of spirits using herbs, therapeutic techniques, or
supernatural powers. Some practitioners are considered witches and may engender
fear. Many persons combine Christian and indigenous religious practices.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>2. <�st1:country-region w:st="on"><�st1:place
w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> - <�u>Legal/Policy
Framework<�/u><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The Constitution
provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respected this
right in practice. The Government at all levels sought to protect this right in
full and did not tolerate its abuse, either by governmental or private actors.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The Bill of
Rights prohibits the Government from unfairly discriminating directly or
indirectly against anyone based on religion, and it states that persons
belonging to a religious community may not be denied the right to practice
their religion and to form, join, and maintain religious associations with
other members of that community. Cases of discrimination against a person on
the grounds of religious freedom may be taken to the <�st1:Street w:st="on"><�st1:address
w:st="on">Constitutional Court<�/st1:address><�/st1:Street>.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>While
Christianity is the dominant religion, the law does not recognize a state
religion, and the Constitution is deliberately religion-neutral. Leading
government officials and ruling party members adhere to a variety of faiths,
including various Christian groups, Islam, and Judaism. Many are atheists or
practice no established religion.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>3. <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> - <�u>Restrictions
on Freedom of Religion or Belief<�/u><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Government
policy and practice contributed to the generally free practice of religion.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>There were no
reports of religious prisoners or detainees in the country.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Anti-Semitism<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>While there were
no reported cases of violent physical abuse attributable to anti-Semitism,
there were limited instances of anti-Semitic verbal assaults and vandalism of
Jewish property and institutions. In December 2006 a Member of Parliament from
the African National Congress (ANC) spoke at an academic conference at the <�st1:place
w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University<�/st1:PlaceType> of <�st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:PlaceName><�/st1:place> in <�st1:City w:st="on"><�st1:place
w:st="on">Pretoria<�/st1:place><�/st1:City> during which he stated that the
notoriously anti-Semitic Czarist forgery, <�em><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font face="Times New Roman">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion<�/font><�/i><�/em>,
was a reliable historical document. Another delegate to the conference
expressed doubt as to whether the Holocaust was real and reiterated Iranian
President Ahmadinejad's claim that the Holocaust was a "myth".
Following the conference, ANC spokesman Smuts Ngonyama stated that the ANC s
position was that the Nazi genocide should be "condemned with the contempt
it deserves."<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>4. <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> - <�u>Societal
Abuse and Discrimination<�o:p><�/o:p><�/u><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>There were no
reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or
practice.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>There are many
ecumenical and interdenominational organizations among the various churches.
The largest of these is the South African Council of Churches, which represents
the <�st1:place w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Methodist<�/st1:PlaceName> <�st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Church<�/st1:PlaceType><�/st1:place>, the Church of the <�st1:place
w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Province<�/st1:PlaceType> of <�st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:PlaceName><�/st1:place> (Anglican), various
Lutheran and Presbyterian churches, and the Congregational Church, among
others. The major indigenous religions, most of the Afrikaans-language
churches, and the Pentecostal and charismatic churches are not members of the
SACC and usually have their own coordinating and liaison bodies. The Catholic
Church's relationship with other churches continued to become more open, and it
worked closely with other churches on the socio political front.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>There continued
to be reports of killings of purported practitioners of witchcraft. In November
2006 the killer of five persons accused of bewitching one of the killer's
relatives was sentenced to five life sentences by the Pietermaritzberg High
Court. In September 2006 a family of three was burned to death in <�st1:place
w:st="on"><�st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Limpopo<�/st1:PlaceName> <�st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Province<�/st1:PlaceType><�/st1:place> in an incident police
identified as "witchcraft-related". The investigation was ongoing at
the end of the reporting period. In <�st1:place w:st="on">Eastern Cape Province<�/st1:place>,
a woman died after an angry mob stoned her. She allegedly told a man she had
bewitched his wife. No arrests had been made, but police stated the
investigation continued.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�u><�font size=2 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Update<�/span><�/font><�/u><�font
size=2 color=black><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>: <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">U.S.<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> State
Department 2008 International Religious Freedom <�st1:place w:st="on"><�st1:City
w:st="on">Report<�/st1:City>, <�st1:country-region w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:country-region><�/st1:place>:
<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>In April 2008
the U.S. Embassy sponsored one local government leader to participate in a
three-week International Visitor Leadership Program in the <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">United States<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region>
on "Religious Tolerance and Interfaith Dialogue."<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>The U.S.
Consulate General in <�st1:City w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">Cape Town<�/st1:place><�/st1:City>
continued its support of the Cape Town Interfaith Initiative (CTII). The CTII
brings together Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Baha'is, Buddhists, and
African traditionalists.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:black'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>HISTORY<�/span><�/font><�/b><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'><�a
href="http://www.tandemproject.com/links/history.pdf">United Nations History
Freedom of Religion or Belief<�/a><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>____________________________________________________________________________<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>* Direct Link to complete
reports: Overview; Religious Demography; Legal/Policy Framework; <�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�span style='font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>Restrictions on Freedom of Religion or Belief; Societal
Abuse/Discrimination <�/span><�/b>in matters relating to freedom of religion or
belief. Click to open <�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�span
style='font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>complete <�/span><�/b>reports:
<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face=Arial><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><�a
href="http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90121.htm">http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90121.htm<�/a><�/span><�/font><�font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Source: <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">U.S.<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> State
Department 2007 International Religious Freedom Report; <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face=Arial><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><�a
href="http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108392.htm">http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108392.htm<�/a><�/span><�/font><�font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Source: <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">U.S.<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region> State
Department 2008 International Religious Freedom Report: <�st1:country-region
w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">South Africa<�/st1:place><�/st1:country-region><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Links to State Department
sites are welcomed. Unless a copyright is indicated, information on the State
Department s main website is in the public domain and may be copied and
distributed without permission. Citation of the U.S. State Department as source
of the information is appreciated.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt'>_____________________________________________________________________________________________<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'> <�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'>Documents Attached:<�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'> <�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�a href="040909_upr_files/040909_upr.doc" target="_blank">South Africa - Universal Periodic Review & Freedom of Religion or Belief<�/a><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�a href="040909_upr_files/040909_upr2.doc" target="_blank">Open Letter to South Africa<�/a><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�a href="040909_upr_files/040909_upr3.doc" target="_blank">Open Letter to UNPO South Africa - Vhavenda People<�/a><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'> <�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>STANDARDS<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>: <�a
href="http://www.tandemproject.com/program/81_dec.htm">http://www.tandemproject.com/program/81_dec.htm<�/a><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>The Tandem Project:<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'> a non-governmental organization founded in
1986 to build understanding, tolerance and respect for diversity, and to
prevent discrimination in matters relating to freedom of religion or belief.
The Tandem Project, a non-profit NGO, has sponsored multiple conferences,
curricula, reference materials and programs on Article 18 of the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Everyone shall have the right to
freedom of thought, conscience and religion - and 1981 United Nations
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination
Based on Religion or Belief. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The Tandem Project
initiative is the result of a co-founder representing the World Federation of
United Nations Associations at the United Nations Geneva Seminar, <�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>Encouragement of<�/span><�/i> <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Understanding, Tolerance
and Respect in Matters Relating to Freedom of Religion or Belief<�/span><�/i>,
called by the UN Secretariat in 1984 on ways to implement the 1981 UN
Declaration. In 1986, The Tandem Project organized the first NGO International
Conference on the 1981 UN Declaration. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The Tandem Project
Executive Director is: Michael M. Roan, <�a href="mailto:mroan@tandemproject.com">mroan@tandemproject.com<�/a>.<�span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>The Tandem Project is a UN NGO in
Special Consultative Status with the <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Economic and Social Council of
the United Nations<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Challenge<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>: to reconcile international human rights
standards on freedom of religion or belief with the truth claims of religious
and non-religious beliefs.<�span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Genuine dialogue on
freedom of religion or belief calls for open mind. It demands respectful and
thoughtful responses, discussion of taboos and clarity by persons of diverse
beliefs. Inclusive dialogue is between people of <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>theistic,
non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any
religion or belief.<�/span><�/i> These UN categories were defined in the 1960
seminal study on human rights and freedom of religion or belief by Arcot
Krishnaswami. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Inclusive and genuine
dialogue is essential as a first step in recognition of the inherent dignity, equal
and inalienable rights of all members of the human family, and a foundation for
freedom, justice and peace in the world. Leaders of religious and non-religious
beliefs sanction the truth claims of their own traditions. They are a key to
raising awareness and acceptance of the value of holding truth claims in tandem
with human rights standards on freedom of religion or belief. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>_____________________________________________<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Goal<�/span><�/font><�/b><�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>To eliminate all forms of intolerance and
discrimination based on religion or belief<�/span><�/font><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>To build understanding
and support for Article 18, International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion - and the 1981 UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of
Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. Encourage the
United Nations, Governments, Religions or Beliefs, Academia, NGOs, Media and
Civil Society to use International Human Rights Standards on Freedom of
Religion or Belief as essential for <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>long-term solutions<�/span><�/i>
to conflicts in all matters relating to religion or belief.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Objectives:<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'><�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>1. Use International
Human Rights Standards on Freedom of Religion or Belief as a platform for
genuine dialogue on the core principles and values within and among nations,
all religions and other beliefs. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>2. Adapt these human
rights standards to early childhood education, teaching children, from the very
beginning, that their own religion is one out of many and that it is a personal
choice for everyone to adhere to the religion or belief by which he or she
feels most inspired, or to adhere to no religion or belief at all.<�/span><�/font><�font
size=1><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'>1<�/span><�/font><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'> <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>History: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>In 1968 the United Nations deferred work on an
International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Religious Intolerance,
because of its apparent complexity and sensitivity. In the twenty-first
century, a dramatic increase of intolerance and discrimination on grounds of
religion or belief is motivating a worldwide search to find solutions to these
problems. This is a challenge calling for enhanced dialogue by States and
others; including consideration of an International Convention on Freedom of
Religion or Belief for protection of and accountability by all religions or
beliefs. The tensions in today s world inspire a question such as: <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:
none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Should the United Nations
adopt an International Convention on Freedom of Religion or Belief?<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Response: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Is it the appropriate moment to
reinitiate the drafting of a legally binding international convention on
freedom of religion or belief? Law making of this nature requires a minimum
consensus and an environment that appeals to reason rather than emotions. At
the same time we are on a learning curve as the various dimensions of the
Declaration are being explored. Many academics have produced voluminous books
on these questions but more ground has to be prepared before setting up of a UN
working group on drafting a convention. In my opinion, we should not try to
rush the elaboration of a Convention on Freedom of Religion or Belief, especially
not in times of high tensions and unpreparedness. <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>- UN Special
Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, <�st1:PersonName w:st="on">Asma
Jahangir<�/st1:PersonName>, <�st1:City w:st="on"><�st1:place w:st="on">Prague<�/st1:place><�/st1:City>
25 Year Anniversary Commemoration of the 1981 UN Declaration, <�st1:date
Year="2006" Day="25" Month="11" w:st="on">25 November 2006<�/st1:date>.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/i><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Option: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>After forty years this may be the time,
however complex and sensitive, for the United Nations Human Rights Council to
appoint an Open-ended Working Group to draft a United Nations Convention on
Freedom of Religion or Belief. The mandate for an Open-ended Working Group
ought to assure nothing in a draft Convention will be construed as restricting
or derogating from any right defined in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights, and the 1981 UN
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of
Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Separation of Religion or Belief
and State<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Concept:<�span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span><�/span><�/font><�/b><�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Separation of Religion or Belief and State - <�/span><�/font><�/i><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>SOROBAS<�/span><�/font><�/i><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>. <�/span><�/font><�/i><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>The First Preamble to the 1948 United Nations Universal
Declaration of Human Rights reads; <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Whereas<�/span><�/i> <�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>recognition of<�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�span
style='font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> <�/span><�/b>the inherent
dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human
family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world<�/span><�/i>.<�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'> <�/span><�/i><�span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> <�/span>This concept
suggests States recalling their history, culture and constitution adopt fair
and equal human rights protection for all religions or beliefs as described in
General Comment 22 on Article 18, International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, UN Human Rights Committee, <�st1:date Year="1993" Day="20" Month="7"
w:st="on">20 July 1993<�/st1:date> (CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4): <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/i><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Article
18:<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'> protects <�i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not
to profess any<�/span><�/i> <�i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><�span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>religion or belief<�/span><�/i>.
The terms belief and religion are to be broadly construed. Article 18 is not
limited in its application to traditional religions or to religions and beliefs
with international characteristics or practices analogous to those of
traditional religions. The Committee therefore views with concern any tendency
to discriminate against any religion or belief for any reasons, including the
fact that they are newly established, or represent religious minorities that
may be the subject of hostility by a predominant religious community. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Article
18:<�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'> permits
restrictions to manifest a religion or belief only if such limitations are
prescribed by law and necessary to protect public safety, order, health or
morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Dialogue: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font
size=2><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'>International Human Rights Standards on
Freedom or Religion or Belief are international law and universal codes of
conduct for peaceful cooperation, respectful competition and resolution of
conflicts. The standards are a platform for genuine dialogue on core principles
and values within and among nations, all religions and other beliefs. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Education: <�/span><�/font><�/b><�font size=2><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Ambassador<�st1:PersonName w:st="on"> <�st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Piet de Klerk<�/st1:PersonName><�/st1:PersonName> addressing the
Prague 25 Year Anniversary Commemoration of the 1981 U.N. Declaration said;
Our educational systems need to provide children with a broad orientation:
from the very beginning, children should be taught that their own religion is
one out of many and that it is a personal choice for everyone to adhere to the
religion or belief by which he or she feels most inspired, or to adhere to no
religion or belief at all. <�/span><�/font><�font size=1><�span style='font-size:
8.0pt'>1<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:8.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:9.0pt'>1981 U.N. Declaration on
Freedom of Religion or Belief<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:9.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>5.2: Every child shall enjoy the right to have access
to education in the matter of religion or belief in accordance with the wishes
of his parents, and shall not be compelled to receive teaching on religion or
belief against the wishes of his parents, the best interests of the child being
the guiding principle. With International Human Rights safeguards, early
childhood education is the best time to begin to build tolerance, understanding
and respect for freedom of religion or belief. <�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>5.3: The child shall be protected from any form of
discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief. He shall be brought up in
a spirit of understanding, tolerance, and friendship among peoples, peace and
universal brotherhood, respect for the freedom of religion or belief of others
and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to the
service of his fellow men.<�o:p><�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><�font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><�span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><�font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/b><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><�font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:10.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
<�p class=MsoNormal><�font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><�span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><�o:p> <�/o:p><�/span><�/font><�/p>
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